Earlier detection of autism may be possible

Autistic children have distinctive brain scans that scientists think could be used to provide an early diagnoses of the condition. Researchers at Stanford used brain scans of autistic children to reveal distinctive patterns that haven't been observed before. 

LOS ANGELES, CA (Catholic Online) - Using detailed MRI scans of children with autism, scientists were able to detect a pattern of activity particularly in the areas of the brain that handle communication and self-awareness. While the tests are still years from being used to diagnose patients, they are helping scientists to understand how autism affects the brain. Such understandings could lead to better treatment for the condition.

Autism affects six out of every 1,000 children in the U.S. and impairs social interaction. Autism is usually noticed in toddlers, around age 3. Children with the condition have difficulty communicating and understanding others. They typically withdraw from social interaction and may find it difficult to gauge and understand appropriate behavior. In severe cases, some may engage in repetitious movements or self-abusive activity. Playing with other children and making friends may be particularly difficult. 

Researchers have been actively searching for an early indicator of the condition, known as a marker, to provide the earliest possible diagnosis in children. Earlier diagnosis means earlier treatments and better results. Current methods of diagnosis focus on behavior, particularly speech and interaction, but waiting for such symptoms to become manifest can cost valuable developmental time during which treatments can begin. If doctors can intervene early, some of the harmful effects of the condition  can possibly be dampened or avoided.

The Stanford study evaluated the brain scans of 42 children between the ages of 8 and 18, half who were diagnosed with autism. Doctors were able to discern patterns in the brains of the autistic children that were distinctive from those without autism. Researchers now hope that if the scans can be applied to younger children, they could provide the sorely needed early detection that can make a crucial difference.

The study was reported online in the journal, Biological Psychiatry. 

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